ISSUES
. Employment
Visas
Quotas
. Labor Certification
. Job Offer . Admissibility
. Continued Residence
. Deportation/Removal
. Derivative Benefits
. On to Citizenship
1.
QUOTAS All
employment visas are subject to an annual quotas,
allowing only a certain number of applications
to be granted each year. Accordingly, if application
is made, it may sit in "line" until
it can be considered with other applications under
the quota. The date an application is submitted
is called the "priority date." When
a priority date becomes "current," the
application and all other submitted on or before
that priority date may be considered. Current
priority dates are published every month in the
Visa Bulletin.
2.
LABOR CERTIFICATION Many, but not all,
employment visas require the employer to show
that there are no U.S. workers available who are
qualified and willing to take the position being
offered to the foreigner. This process is called
"Labor Certification." It requires advertising
the position, responding to resumes, and determining
fitness of applicants for the position. If there
is an available U.S. worker, that worker must
be hired and labor certification is not granted.
The entire process is strictly regulated. See
more here.
3.
JOB OFFER There
are some employment-based applications that do
not require the applicant be hired by a U.S. entity
to get permanent residence. Most of the applications
require a U.S. entity to desire the services of
the individual, but if the individual is highly,
highly accomplished, the United States will let
him/her in to pursue his/her career and ambitions
further in the U.S. even if a U.S. entity is not
seeking his/her services.
4.
ADMISSIBILITY Any
applicant for an employment visa must be admissible
in ten general, important ways, including health,
financial ability, clean criminal history, immigration
history, etc.
(See
Admissibility).
5.
CONTINUED RESIDENCE If
the employment visa is an immigrant visa (for
permanent residence), the applicant must intend
to stay in the U.S. on a 'permanent' basis. A
permanent resident's status depends on his/her
intention to reside in the United States permanently.
If he/she leaves the United States for more than
six months at one time, there is a possibility
that s/he will be determined to have "abandoned"
his/her residency. If s/he leaves for more than
one year, it is a legal presumption that s/he
has abandoned his/her residency and should reapply
to re-enter the United States. If a permanent
resident knows that s/he will be out of the country
for more than six months, s/he can retain his/her
residency by making application for a "Re-entry
Permit." This allows an absence for two years
without the legal presumption of abandoning residency.
There are times, the officials at the airport
or border may listen to the reasons for an extended
absence and grant return to the U.S. without the
re-entry permit, but that is the rare, rare experience
- not the rule. See Re-entry
Permit and Returning Resident.
6.
DEPORTATION/REMOVAL All
visa holders, even permanent residents, and even
those living in the U.S. for most of their lives
may be subject to deportation or removal from
the U.S. if s/he takes any action listed as a
deportable offense in relevant laws. (See Deportation/Removal)
If a resident intends to stay in the U.S. indefinitely
and feels it appropriate to do so, citizenship
application should seriously be considered for
the simple fact that U.S. citizens cannot be deported
or removed.
7.
DERIVATIVE BENEFITS Most
permanent resident and temporary visa rules allow
the applicant to bring his/her immediate family
with him/her to the United States should the application
be granted. Applications for immediate family
members, however, are individual and do not extend
to the other immediate family members. The sections
on each type of application indicate whether derivative
benefits are extended or if separate application
must be made for each family member.
8.
ON TO CITIZENSHIP Generally,
a permanent resident may apply to become a citizen
of the United States if s/he has been a permanent
resident for five years or more, has physically
resided in the United States for 2 1/2 of the
past five years, and is otherwise admissibility.
(See Citizenship).
Employment Visas . Recent News
. Eligibility . Issues
Each
situation is different.
Seek
legal counsel.